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1. Strategic Planner. Top-level managers engage in strategic planning, usu-ally assisted by input from others throughout the organization. Specific activities in this role include (a) setting a direction for the organization,(b) helping the firm deal with the external environment, and (c) develop-ing corporate policies.<br>2. Operational Planner. Operational plans relate to the day-to-day opera-tion of a company or unit. Two such activities are (a) formulating oper-ating budgets and (b) developing work schedules for the unit supervised.<br>Middle-level managers are heavily involved in operational planning; first-level managers are involved to a lesser extent.<br>Organizing and Staffing<br>Five roles that relate to the organizing and staffing function are organizer, liaison, staffing coordinator, resource allocator, and task delegate. <br>3. Organizer . As a pure organizer, the manager engages in activities such as<br>(a) designing the jobs of group members; (b) clarifying group members' assignments; (c) explaining organizational policies, rules, and procedures;<br>and (d) establishing policies, rules, and procedures to coordinate the flow<br>of work and information within the unit.<br>4. Liaison . The purpose of the liaison role is to develop and maintain a net-work of work-related contacts with people. To achieve this end, the man-ager (a) cultivates relationships with clients or customers; (b) maintains relationships with suppliers, customers, and other persons or groups important to the unit or organization; (c) joins boards, organizations, or public service clubs that might provide useful, work-related contacts; and (d) cultivates and maintains a personal network of in-house contacts through visits, telephone calls, e-mail, text messages, and participation in<br>company-sponsored events.<br>5. Staffing Coordinator . In the staffing role, the manager tries to make sure that competent people fill positions. Specific activities include (a) recruit-ing and hiring staff; (b) explaining to group members how their work performance will be evaluated; (c) formally evaluating group members' overall job performance; (d) compensating group members within the limits of organizational policy; (e) that group members are properly trained; (f) promote group members or recommend them for promotion; and (g) terminating or demoting group members.<br>6. Resource Allocator . An important part of a manager's job is to divide resources in the manner that best helps the organization. Specific activi-ties to this end include (a) authorizing the use of physical resources (facil-ities, furnishings, and equipment); (b) authorising the expenditure of financial resources; and (c) discontinuing the use of unnecessary, inap-propriate, or ineffective equipment or services.<br>7. Task Delegator. A standard part of any manager's job is assigning tasks<br>two group members. Among these task-delegation activities are (a) assign-ing projects or tasks to group members; (b) clarifying priorities and per ...
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